Leishmania leishmania major, commonly known as L. major, is a parasitic protozoan responsible for causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. Despite its limited size, this tiny organism poses a significant threat to human health in certain regions. Expanding our knowledge about this parasite is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Synonyms that are often used interchangeably with L. major include Old World leishmaniasis, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, and tropical sore. These synonyms highlight the geographical distribution and clinical presentation of the disease caused by this species. Understanding the significance of these synonyms aids in raising awareness and facilitating research to combat the impact of L. major on human populations.