Here and there branches were broken off, stripped clean of their leaves, and the ligneous parts left upon the ground.
"Popular Adventure Tales"
Mayne Reid
No less than 844 species are reckoned by Heer from the Oeningen beds alone, the number of specimens which he has examined being 5080. The entire list of Swiss species from the Upper and Lower Miocene together amount to 1322. Almost all the living families of Coleoptera are represented, but, as we might have anticipated from the preponderance of arborescent and ligneous plants, the wood-eating beetles play the most conspicuous part, the Buprestidae and other long-horned beetles being particularly abundant.
"The Student's Elements of Geology"
Sir Charles Lyell
He learned that the ligneous acids contained in the smoke of wood could be easily detected, and it was only through the assistance of the chemist that he finally hit upon the method of staining the sheets with a thin broth of untanned leather, of which the analysis would give a result closely approaching that of the parchment itself.
"Sant' Ilario"
F. Marion Crawford