Limbic encephalitis is a rare neurological condition that affects the limbic system, a group of structures in the brain that play a key role in emotions, memory, and behavior. It is often associated with autoimmune disorders, meaning that the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Some synonyms for limbic encephalitis include autoimmune limbic encephalopathy, limbic encephalomyelitis, and limbic system encephalitis. Other terms that are sometimes used to describe the condition include paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (when it is associated with cancer) and non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (when it is not associated with cancer). Symptoms of limbic encephalitis may include memory loss, confusion, seizures, and mood and behavior changes.