Mass deficiency refers to the shortage of mass in a given object or system. It is commonly associated with astronomy, where the gravitational force of a celestial body is measured based on the mass deficiency. Synonyms for mass deficiency include mass defect, mass loss, and mass shortage. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they all essentially describe the same phenomenon. In particle physics, mass deficiency is referred to as binding energy, while in chemistry, it is commonly known as the mass defect. Regardless of the terminology, the concept of mass deficiency plays a significant role in various fields of science and mathematics.