Mediterranean Anaemia is a type of anaemia that is caused by the deficiency of haemoglobin in red blood cells. It is also known as Thalassaemia, Cooley's Anaemia or Beta Thalassaemia. The condition is inherited and is most commonly found in people of Mediterranean descent. It is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Treatment includes blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Other synonyms for the term Mediterranean Anaemia include Mediterranean Disease, Thalassaemia Major, and Genetic Blood Disorder. Regardless of the term used, it remains a serious medical condition requiring careful management and support.