The Neanderthal Genome Project was a groundbreaking scientific initiative that aimed to sequence the genome of Neanderthals, our extinct distant relatives. However, there are various other terms that can be used as synonyms for the project, such as the Neanderthal DNA sequencing program, the Neanderthal genetic analysis project, or the Neanderthal genome sequencing project. These terms all refer to the same study but may offer a different emphasis or perspective on the goal of the research. Regardless of the name, the endeavor has unlocked new insights into human history, evolution, and diversity, and continues to inspire further discoveries and collaborations in the field of genetics and anthropology.