Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare medical condition caused by the inability of the kidneys to properly process urine and regulate water balance in the body. This leads to extreme thirst and frequent urination, which can lead to dehydration, fatigue, and other complications. There are several synonyms for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, including renal diabetes insipidus, hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. While the condition is typically genetic in nature, it can also be caused by certain medications, such as lithium. Treatment usually involves managing symptoms and addressing underlying causes, and can include medications, dietary changes, and fluid intake management.