Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. Other synonyms for NMO include neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD), opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (ADEM-LETM). NMOSD and OSMS refer to specific types of NMO, which can differ in clinical presentation and underlying mechanisms. ADEM-LETM is another condition that shares some features with NMO, but typically has a different course and prognosis. Understanding these various terms can help improve communication and accurate diagnosis of patients with NMO-related disorders.