Oenology is the study of wine-making, the art and science of producing wine and the process of grape cultivation. Synonyms for oenology include viticulture, wine production, enology, vinification, wine-making, and wine science. Viticulture focuses mainly on the cultivation of grapes and the different varieties that can be grown, whereas enology focuses on the production process of wine-making, which includes fermentation, aging, and bottling. The term vinification is used to describe the entire wine-making process from grape to bottle. Wine-making is an essential part of the food and beverage industry and requires a deep understanding of the chemistry behind the science, hence the term "wine science".