Old World Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by the Leishmania parasite that is usually found in the Mediterranean, Southwestern Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. There are various synonyms for this disease, which include the Oriental sore, Aleppo boil, Baghdad boil or simply Leishmaniasis. Leishmania parasites are usually transmitted by sandflies that feed on the blood of infected animals and humans, and hence the disease is considered as a zoonosis. Symptoms of Old World Leishmaniasis include skin sores, fever, weight loss, and enlargement of the spleen and liver. It is important to take preventive measures, such as using insect repellents and covering the body, to avoid the infection.