Underproduction is a commonly used antonym for over-production. It refers to the state of producing less than the demanded quantity of goods or services. This can occur due to various reasons such as lack of resources, low demand, and technical problems. Underproduction can lead to scarcity, price hikes, and economic strain on manufacturers. Underproduction can also have positive impacts such as avoiding a glut in the market, increasing the value of goods, and reducing waste. Other antonyms for over-production include scarcity, shortage or inadequacy, and insufficiency, each of which describes a lack of an adequate amount of supply. These antonyms provide a balance to the concept of over-production, emphasizing the importance of striking a careful balance in production levels.