Oxidative phosphorylation is a process wherein energy in the form of ATP is produced through the oxidation of nutrients. The process occurs within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is crucial for cellular respiration. Synonyms for oxidative phosphorylation include aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain, and mitochondrial respiration. These terms refer to the same metabolic pathway, in which oxygen serves as the final acceptor of electrons and protons, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Other related terms include oxidative metabolism, respiratory metabolism, and cellular respiration. Understanding the mechanisms behind oxidative phosphorylation is important for understanding metabolism, energy production, and the role of mitochondria in human health and disease.