Paleopathology refers to the study of ancient diseases and injuries. There are several synonyms for this term depending on the context in which it is being used. In archaeological contexts, the term bioarchaeology or osteoarchaeology may be used to refer to the study of remains and their associated pathologies. Alternatively, the term palaeomedicine may be used to refer to the medical aspect of paleopathology. Other synonyms may depend on the specific type of pathology being studied, such as dental pathology or paleoepidemiology. Regardless of the terminology used, the study of paleopathology helps us gain insights into the health and wellbeing of past populations, and better understand the evolution of disease throughout human history.