Pappataci fever is a viral disease caused by sandfly bites. There are several synonyms for Pappataci fever, including sandfly fever, phlebotomus fever, and arthropod-borne virus fever. This disease is prevalent in the Mediterranean basin, Western Asia, and Africa. Symptoms of Pappataci fever include fever, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. In some cases, Pappataci fever may also cause eye irritation, skin rash, and joint pain. While there is no specific treatment for Pappataci fever, medical care can help ease the symptoms. Prevention includes avoiding exposure to sandflies and using insect repellents when traveling to areas where the disease is prevalent.