Pavlovian conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, is a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and starts to elicit the same response. Some synonyms for this term include respondent conditioning, associative learning, and reflex conditioning. While the term Pavlovian conditioning specifically refers to the experiments carried out by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov on dogs, the concept has been extended to other organisms, including humans. Other synonyms for this process also include conditioned response, acquired reflex, and stimulus-response conditioning. Pavlovian conditioning has been used to study a wide range of behaviors, including phobias, addiction, and emotional responses.