The Peltier effect, also known as the thermoelectric effect, refers to the phenomenon where a temperature difference is created when electrical current is passed through a junction of two dissimilar conductive materials. This effect is named after the French physicist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier. Although commonly referred to as the Peltier effect, it is important to note that it is synonymous with the thermoelectric effect. The Peltier effect has numerous applications, including in thermoelectric refrigeration systems and temperature control devices. It is a crucial aspect of thermoelectric power generation and is utilized in various fields, such as electronics, science, and research.