Peripheral stem cell transplantation, also known as peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or PBSC transplantation, is a medical procedure used to transplant the stem cells to the patient's bloodstream. It involves the collection of stem cells from the patient's bloodstream, either through apheresis or bone marrow aspiration. The collected stem cells are then processed and infused back into the patient's bloodstream. Some synonyms for peripheral stem cell transplantation include peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Other medical terms related to this procedure include autologous stem cell transplantation, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and cord blood stem cell transplantation. Ultimately, the goal of this medical procedure is to replace damaged or destroyed cells in the patient's body through the infusion of healthy, genetically-matched stem cells.