The Philadelphia Chromosome refers to a specific chromosomal abnormality that is linked to a type of leukemia called chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, there are several synonyms for this term, including Ph chromosome, Ph' chromosome, or simply the BCR-ABL chromosome. The Ph chromosome results from an abnormal fusion of two genes on different chromosomes, leading to the production of a new protein that triggers uncontrolled cell growth and division, which is characteristic of CML. This genetic abnormality is a significant diagnostic tool and targets for treatment of CML. Understanding the various synonyms for the Philadelphia Chromosome is essential in medical literature, research, and discussions.