Photoluminescence refers to the emission of light photons by a material as a result of being excited by photons. There are several synonyms for this process, including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence. Each of these terms describes a slightly different form of photoluminescence. Fluorescence occurs when a material quickly absorbs and emits photons, often within a very short time frame. Phosphorescence, on the other hand, occurs when a material absorbs and emits photons over a longer period, typically several minutes or more. Luminescence is a more general term that encompasses both fluorescence and phosphorescence, but can also refer to other forms of light emission from materials.