Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to difficulty in breathing. Synonyms for pulmonary emphysema include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, smoker's lung, emphysema, and lung destruction. Other synonyms include airway obstruction, lung disease, chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), and chronic obstructive lung disease. Pulmonary emphysema is caused by long-term exposure to airborne irritants such as cigarette smoke, pollution, and chemical fumes. Symptoms of pulmonary emphysema can include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and fatigue, and treatment typically involves medications and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and prevent further damage to the lungs.