Robertsonian translocation is a genetic disorder that occurs when two acrocentric chromosomes, usually chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, or 22, break at the centromere and the long arms fuse together. This can result in the transfer of valuable genetic material between chromosomes or cause unbalanced genetic material to be passed on to offspring. Some synonyms for this condition include Robertsonian insertion, balanced translocation, chromosome fusion, and chromosomal aberration. The symptoms of this disorder can vary depending on the type and extent of the translocation and may include developmental delays, intellectual disability, or physical abnormalities. Diagnosis and genetic counseling are important for individuals and families affected by Robertsonian translocation.