Salamandra Salamandra is the scientific name for the common European fire salamander. Synonyms for this species include Salamander maculosa, Salamandra maculosa, and Salamandra vulgaris. The fire salamander is known for its distinct black and yellow coloration and toxic skin secretions, which it uses for defense against predators. This species can be found throughout much of Europe, typically inhabiting damp forests and rocky areas near streams or ponds. While the fire salamander can live up to 20 years in captivity, populations in the wild are threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and the spread of a deadly fungal disease.