Sardina pilchardus, commonly known as European pilchard or sardine, is a small oily fish that is found in the coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. This fish has been a popular seafood delicacy for centuries and its name has several synonyms. Some of the commonly used synonyms for Sardina pilchardus include Atlantic sardine, round sardinella, Mediterranean sardine, and European sardine. These names are often used interchangeably in different parts of the world and are typically associated with the various subspecies or strains of the fish. Regardless of the name used, Sardina pilchardus remains a nutritious and delicious food choice that is rich in protein, essential oils, and vitamins.