Assurbanipal grew arrogant in his attitude to his brother, the King of Babylon, and a fratricidal war resulted in the defeat and death of shamash-shumukin and the capture of the rival capital.
"The World's Greatest Books, Vol XI."
Edited by Arthur Mee and J.A. Hammerton
87. Already at Babylon the title "lord of the universe" was given to shamash and Hadad; see Jastrow, Religion Babyloniens, I, p.
"The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism"
Franz Cumont
His subjects were no longer satisfied to regard him merely as a man superior to his fellow-men; they had come to discover something of the divine nature in him, and sometimes identified him-not with Assur, the master of all things, who occupied a position too high above the pale of ordinary humanity-but with one of the demi-gods of the second rank, shamash, the Sun, the deity whom the Pharaohs pretended to represent in flesh and blood here below.
"History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, Volume 6 (of 12)"
G. Maspero