Somatic mutations are defined as the alterations that occur within cells of an organism, other than their reproductive cells or germ cells. Common synonyms describing this phenomenon include acquired mutations, spontaneous mutations, and non-inherited mutations. These mutations can result from various factors such as exposure to harmful agents like radiation, and can lead to the formation of abnormal cells that do not function properly. Another synonym for somatic mutation is gene mutation, which refers to changes in DNA resulting in the alteration of the genetic information of specific genes. Regardless of the term used, somatic mutations can be harmful or beneficial, and their study contributes significantly to our understanding of human biology and disease.