Spheniscus Demersus is commonly known as the African penguin, a species of penguin found along the southwestern coast of Africa. Some synonyms for Spheniscus Demersus include the black-footed penguin, jackass penguin, Cape penguin, and South African penguin. These synonyms refer to the distinct physical characteristics of the African penguin, such as its black feet, braying call, Cape region habitat, and its being endemic to South Africa. Due to habitat loss, food scarcity, and overfishing, the African penguin population continues to decline, prompting conservation efforts to protect the species and its ecosystem.