Sphenodon punctatum, commonly known as the tuatara, is a unique reptile found only in New Zealand. Its name derives from the Maori language and means "peaked spine." Synonyms for Sphenodon punctatum include the New Zealand tuatara, spiny-backed reptile, and the living fossil tuatara. These synonyms reflect the tuatara's distinctive features, such as its spiny crest along its back and its reputation as a living fossil due to its resemblance to its prehistoric ancestors. The tuatara's rarity and distinctiveness have made it a subject of fascination among scientists and conservationists alike.