Subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, chronic, and progressive neurological disorder that affects young individuals. It is caused by a persistent measles virus infection, which gradually destroys the protective covering of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system. As there is no complete cure for SSPE, doctors try to control the symptoms with medications and therapies. The synonyms of SSPE include Dawson's encephalitis, measles inclusion body encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The symptoms of SSPE may vary from person to person, but common ones include convulsions, muscle rigidity, vision problems, and behavioral changes. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of SSPE can help prevent long-term neurological damage and improve the patient's quality of life.