Technological determinism refers to the belief that technology alone drives social and cultural change. However, there are alternative concepts that challenge this viewpoint. One synonym for technological determinism is technological diffusion, which is based on the idea that innovations spread slowly into societies, influencing cultural change. Cultural materialism is another term that questions technological determinism and suggests that cultural and social factors rather than technology are the determining factors in shaping human behavior. Social constructivism is also a synonym for technological determinism, and it emphasizes that individuals create and reinforce societal structures through their interactions with technology. Ultimately, these alternative terms offer a broader perspective on the role of technology in shaping human society and culture.