Tammuz, also spelled Thammuz, is an ancient Sumerian deity associated with agriculture, fertility, and the cycles of nature. In Mesopotamian mythology, Tammuz was believed to be the consort of the goddess Ishtar and was associated with the turn of the seasons. While there are no direct synonyms for Tammuz, the mythology and cultural traditions surrounding this god are similar to those of other deities in various cultures around the world. For example, Tammuz shares similarities with the Greek god Dionysus, who is often associated with wine and fertility, and the Mesoamerican deity Ceres, who is also associated with agriculture.