The theory of preformation, also known as preformism, is a concept that suggests organisms are already pre-formed within their respective reproductive cells. Instead of gradual development, this idea is based on the existence of miniature versions of adult organisms within the egg or sperm. Synonyms for this theory include preexistence theory, pre-existence principle, and the idea of homunculus. These terms all refer to the same belief that the organism, or at least its essential parts, are present in a microscopic form before birth or development. While this concept is no longer widely accepted in modern biology, it remains an important historical theory for understanding the development of scientific thought over time.