There are a few different synonyms that could be used for the term "theory of the marginal producer." One possibility might be the "law of diminishing returns," which refers to the idea that increasing expenditures on a particular resource or input will eventually start to yield smaller and smaller returns. Another synonym might be the "marginal productivity theory," which posits that the marginal product (the output produced by a single additional input unit) will eventually start to decline as more and more of that input is added. A related concept is the "law of supply," which suggests that producers will be willing to supply more goods or services at higher prices, but only up to a certain point before reaching diminishing returns.