Thermogravimetric analysis or TGA measures weight changes in a material as a function of temperature or time while it is subject to a controlled atmosphere. Some synonyms for the word thermogravimetric include thermal analysis, thermal gravimetry, and thermoanalytical gravimetry. Other related terms include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which measures the heat transfer properties of a material as it is heated or cooled, and thermomechanical analysis (TMA), which measures the mechanical properties of a material as it undergoes changes in temperature. These techniques are commonly used in materials science, engineering, and chemistry to study the properties and behaviors of various materials.