Portugal, in the zenith of her maritime power, became the first European trader in the Southern Seas, and in A.D. 1511 albuquerque reached the Moluccas, but was quickly followed by the Spaniards under their great Emperor Charles V. Incessant war continued for the possession of "the gold-bearing trees," until Spain and Portugal, united by a common danger, combined their forces to exclude the northern nations from any share in the coveted spoil.
"Through the Malay Archipelago"
Emily Richings
Penang was merely regarded as an unimportant appendage of ancient Malacca, captured in 1311 by albuquerque, and though the territory of the principal Sultan underwent innumerable vicissitudes through the changing fortunes of war, the royal line retained Johore at the foot of the Peninsula, up to the present day, the last scion of the old-world dynasty now accepting the suzerainty of England.
"Through the Malay Archipelago"
Emily Richings
The Spanish army on the south side of the Tagus, between Badajos and Alcantara, amounts to 21,000 men; of which 10,000 are encamped at Badajos, 8,000 at albuquerque, and the remainder between Vincenti and Alcantara.
"Memoirs and Correspondence of Admiral Lord de Saumarez, Vol. I"
Sir John Ross