Anencephaly is a medical condition that involves the underdevelopment of the brain and the skull. It is a severe birth defect that results in the absence of major parts of the brain, leaving only brainstem and cerebellum. This condition is sometimes referred to as acrania, anencephalia, or aprosencephaly. Anencephaly is also classified as a neural tube defect, which means that it occurs when the neural tube fails to close properly during fetal development. Some other terms that may be used as synonyms or related to anencephaly include craniorachischisis, iniencephaly, holoprosencephaly, and hydranencephaly. Although these terms may differ in their specific symptoms and features, they are all associated with similar developmental abnormalities in the brain and skull.