Anorchidism is a medical condition characterized by the absence of one or both testes in men. This condition may result from a congenital defect, injury, or surgical removal. Synonyms for anorchidism include congenital absence of testes, anorchia, anorchism, and cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism refers to a condition where one or both testicles do not descend into the scrotum during fetal development. This condition can also increase the risk of testicular cancer and infertility. Treatment options for anorchidism include surgery to implant testicular prostheses or hormone replacement therapy. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help patients manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.