The C-horizon, also called the parent material, is a layer of soil that contains the unaltered, underlying bedrock. It is essential for plant growth and development because it provides nutrients and minerals to the soil. Some synonyms for the C-horizon include the parent material layer, the substratum, and the parent rock. Additionally, this layer is characterized by the accumulation of clay particles, which distinguishes it from other soil horizons. Other terms used to describe the C-horizon may include the regolith, weathered bedrock, and unconsolidated material. Regardless of what it is called, the C-horizon is an essential component of soil formation and plays a vital role in supporting vegetation growth and sustaining ecosystems.