A caregiver is someone who takes care of another person, but there are more specific and nuanced ways to express this. Some synonyms for caregiver include caretaker, guardian, provider, nanny, nurse, or companion.
Caretaker is often used specifically to refer to someone who takes care of a property or building, but it can also refer to someone who is responsible for taking care of a person. Guardian is a good synonym for caregiver when the person being cared for is a child or someone who needs legal protection. Provider is a broader term that can apply to someone who provides any kind of care, such as medical or emotional. Nanny specifically refers to someone who takes care of children. Nurse is a more specific term for someone who provides medical care. Companion is a synonym for caregiver that emphasizes the social and emotional support that a person provides for another.