Central pontine myelinolysis is a rare and serious neurological condition that can lead to muscle weakness, paralysis, and difficulty speaking. Some of the synonyms used to describe this condition include osmotic demyelination syndrome, pontine myelinolysis, and central pontine demyelination. Other similar terms that may be used interchangeably include extrapontine myelinolysis, myelinolysis centralis pontina, and osmotic myelinolysis. Regardless of the terminology used, the condition is generally caused by rapid changes in sodium levels in the body, often due to treatment or management of other medical conditions such as alcoholism or liver disease. It is critical to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of central pontine myelinolysis.