Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is a fungal infection that primarily affects the lungs and respiratory system. It is caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii, which are commonly found in dry soil in arid regions. There are several synonyms for coccidioidomycosis, including desert fever, San Joaquin Valley fever, and California fever. Other related terms include cocci, cocci pneumonia, and coccidioidal granuloma. If left untreated, coccidioidomycosis can cause severe complications and even be fatal in some cases. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in managing this condition.