Genus Erythroxylum, commonly known as coca or erythroxylon, is a group of plants native to South America. This genus is famous for containing the species Erythroxylum coca, which is the primary source of cocaine. However, there are various other species in this genus which have been used traditionally in folk medicine. Some synonyms for Erythroxylum include Lepidococa, Pinacopodium, and Trichodontina. These plant species are known for their psychoactive and medicinal properties and have been used for centuries by indigenous communities in the Andean region. While the name Erythroxylum might be associated with illegal drugs, it encompasses many fascinating plants with cultural and traditional significance.