Herpes labialis, commonly known as a cold sore, is a viral infection that affects the lips, mouth, or gums. There are numerous synonyms for this medical condition, with terms including oral herpes, fever blisters, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), labial herpes, orofacial herpes, and recurrent herpes labialis. These terms essentially describe the same condition, whereby a person experiences painful, fluid-filled blisters that typically appear around the lips and mouth. Although there is currently no cure for herpes labialis, antiviral medications can help to alleviate symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks. In addition, preventative measures such as avoiding close contact with infected individuals and practicing good hygiene can help to minimize the risk of contracting this viral infection.