Juvenile-onset diabetes, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a chronic disease characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin. It affects mainly children and young adults, and its symptoms include increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Synonyms for this condition include insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), childhood diabetes, and juvenile diabetes. Other terms used to describe this disease are type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune diabetes, and beta-cell destruction diabetes. Although its exact causes are unknown, risk factors for type 1 diabetes include family history, viral infections, and autoimmune disorders. Treatment aims to maintain normal blood glucose levels, and it usually includes insulin therapy, diet, and exercise.