The lactose persistence gene refers to a genetic mutation that allows individuals to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products, throughout their lives. However, there are several synonyms for this term, such as lactase persistence, lactase persistence allele, lactase non-persistence, and lactose tolerance. These different terms refer to the same genetic trait but are used interchangeably depending on the field of study. The lactose persistence gene has been of particular interest to anthropologists, geneticists, and nutritionists, as it provides insights into the evolution of humans and their relationship with dairy products.