Osmerus is a genus of fish commonly known as the smelts. The word "osmerus" is the scientific name of these species, but there are also synonyms used to refer to them. One commonly used synonym for osmerus is "freshwater smelt." This name distinguishes it from the saltwater smelt species. Another synonym used for osmerus is "sparling." This term is used predominantly in England and refers to the European species of smelt. In North America, Osmerus mordax is called "rainbow" or "golden rainbow" smelt due to its distinct coloration. The word "spirinchus" is also used as a synonym for some species of osmerus, mainly those found in the Pacific Ocean.