Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 which reduces the production of red blood cells. The condition can be extremely dangerous if left untreated, leading to a range of debilitating symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale or yellowish skin. To describe this condition, several synonyms can be used such as megaloblastic anemia, macrocytic anemia, or Addisonian anemia, as all these terms refer to the same disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B12. Regardless of the name, early detection and treatment are essential to prevent the long-term effects of this pernicious disease.