Sachs disease is also known as NPA (Niemann-Pick disease type A), a rare genetic disorder resulting from a deficiency of an enzyme that leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body, which ultimately affects the central nervous system. Other synonyms for Sachs disease include sphingomyelin lipidosis, Niemann-Pick type A, acid sphingomyelinase deficiency disease, and ASM deficiency. The condition typically occurs during infancy and can lead to severe neurological impairment and even death in some instances. There is currently no cure for NPA, and treatment is largely supportive, focusing on symptom management to improve the sufferer's quality of life. Genetic testing and counseling are highly recommended for families with a history of NPA.