Synonyms for "sociology of punishment" include criminology, penology, and legal sociology. Criminology is the study of crime and criminal behavior, including the study of punishment and rehabilitation for offenders. Penology specifically focuses on the study of punishment and correctional methods within the criminal justice system. Legal sociology examines the social and cultural factors that impact the creation and enforcement of laws, including those related to punishment. All of these fields intersect with the sociology of punishment, as they explore the social, political, and economic factors that shape the ways in which society punishes those who break the law.