Splenic fever, also known as anthrax, is a deadly bacterial infection that affects animals and humans. This disease is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis, which produces spores that can survive for long periods in soil. The symptoms of splenic fever include swelling, fever, and respiratory distress. In medical terminology, splenic fever is also referred to as malignant edema or woolsorter's disease. Other synonyms for this term include anthracosis, carbuncle disease, and charbon. In some countries, the disease is also known as Siberian plague, ragpicker's disease, or coal miner's disease. Despite its many names, splenic fever remains a serious public health concern and requires prompt medical attention.