Black and blue marks, also known as bruises, can happen to anyone and are usually caused by bumps, falls, or injuries that cause small blood vessels under the skin to break and leak blood. These marks can be painful and unsightly, but luckily there are several synonyms that can be used to describe them. Some common alternatives to black and blue marks include contusions, hematomas, ecchymoses, and discolorations. While the severity and appearance of bruises can vary, they are generally a normal part of the healing process and can be treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation.